Quinoline Yellow

Identifiers

INS No. 104
D&C Yellow No. 10
E 104
CI Food Yellow 13
CAS No. 8004-92-0

Physical Description

Quinoline yellow occurs a yellow powder or granules and is manufactured by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione. Quinoline yellow can be converted to a corresponding aluminum lake.

Common Uses

Quinoline yellow can be used to color cosmetics, drugs, and food, including dietary supplements, sauces, soups and broths, bakery, dairy fats and oil, seafood, seasonings, breath fresheners, desserts, and convenient foods, and beverages.

Specifications

Regulatory Approvals

JECFA: ADI of 0-3 mg/kg bw (82nd meeting, 2016). There are more than 25 food categories for which maximum permitted levels (MPLs) for quinoline yellow (INS No. 104) have been adopted in the General Standard of Food Additives.

USA: Known as FD&C Yellow No. 4 prior to its delisting in 1959. Permanently listed in 1983 as D&C Yellow No. 10 for use as a color additive subject to certification for use in drugs generally (21 CFR 74.1710) and cosmetics (21 CFR 74.2710) at GMP.

EU: ADI of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (EFSA, 2009); EFSA has also established MPLs for use of Quinoline Yellow in specific foods and beverages in Europe

Safety Reviews

Safety evaluation of certain food additives (Eighty-second meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) WHO Food Additives Series No. 73, 2017 Available online

EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food; Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Quinoline Yellow. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1329. [40 pp.]. Available online

FDA Final Rule, permanent listing, drugs and cosmetics. 48 FR 39217; Aug 30, 1983. Available online